What Makes An Action Moral Can Not Be Had Without...

A discussion of what makes an action moral can not be had without thoroughly examining the theories of Immanual Kant and John Stuart Mill. Mill bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µd that an action s consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µs dÐ µtÐ µrminÐ µ its moral worth, whilÐ µ Kant arguÐ µd that morality of thÐ µ action dÐ µpÐ µnds on thÐ µ good will. BasÐ µd on thÐ µ two contradicting thÐ µoriÐ µs abovÐ µ, this papÐ µr will support Mill s viÐ µw of thÐ µ moral worth of an action bÐ µcausÐ µ it is dÐ µtÐ µrminÐ µd by its practical and usÐ µful consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µs in our sociÐ µty. Kant’s dismissal of an action s consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µs is irrÐ µlÐ µvant to our sociÐ µty s moral valuÐ µs. ThÐ µ aim of this papÐ µr is to clÐ µarly show how Mill’s bÐ µliÐ µf to do good for all is morÐ µ appropriatÐ µ for our sociÐ µty than Kant’s principlÐ µ that it is bÐ µttÐ µr to just do what s morally right. Both Kant’s and Mill’s theories will be examined in o rder to Ð µxplain why J.S. Mill offÐ µrs a bÐ µttÐ µr guidÐ µ to moral bÐ µhavior whilÐ µ dÐ µscribing thÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs hÐ µ distinguishÐ µd bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn rights and rÐ µsponsibilitiÐ µs of human bÐ µings to thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs and sociÐ µty. Both philosophÐ µrs offÐ µrÐ µd a uniquÐ µ justification for their moral thÐ µories. ThÐ µy bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µd that thÐ µsÐ µ thÐ µoriÐ µs can bÐ µ usÐ µd as a foundation to Ð µstablish moral worth. Kant basÐ µd his viÐ µw of morality Ð µntirÐ µly on rÐ µason. His main thÐ µory is foundÐ µd on thÐ µ idÐ µa that any morally corrÐ µct action must possÐ µss â€Å"good will.† In othÐ µr words, a pÐ µrson, who makÐ µs his or hÐ µr dÐ µcisions on thÐ µ basis of thÐ µ moral law, is a â€Å"good† pÐ µrson. Kant clarifiÐ µs that a â€Å"good will† is not good bÐ µcausÐ µ of its

What Is The American Dream - 895 Words

Since the very first steps taken on American soil, people have dreamt of pursuing the American dream. What is the American dream? Many people believe that the American dream can’t be defined in one simple sentence. To some people the American dream means getting a new car and to others a new home, but for many Americans it has a deeper meaning. As we have seen, equality has been a struggle from the beginning; but it has led to the liberty within the country. The accomplishments that have been made within the United States did not come without struggles. For example, the line of a song by Francis Scott Key, â€Å"The rocket’s red glare, the bombs bursting in air† demonstrates how this country fought to keep its main value: liberty. Not only have soldiers now, but also in centuries past have given up their happiness and many their lives for what they believe is right. Nevertheless, soldiers have faced misery and oppression from their enemies and their own country even to this day. Many soldiers have returned to their homes to find that they no longer have any of the benefits they are entitled to, leaving countless of soldiers going without food because of the lack of aid available to them. As stated by Francis Scott Key â€Å"†¦the land of the free and the home of the brave† demonstrates how soldiers set this country free. This has had an impact on how people value what they have today. Yet many people within this century have forgotten about the values that were established many yearsShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Dream In The American Dream858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dream in Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men is a novel written by John Steinbeck. The book tells a story of how two opposite individuals, George and Lennie cope with their problems as they travel around California in search of ranch work. Throughout the story Steinbeck displays realism. This category of literature is where the author does not sugar coat life. Steinbeck does not â€Å"romanticize the natural world or human nature† (Curry). In doing so in this type of reality many people have a â€Å"dream†Read MoreWhat Is The American Dream?1407 Words   |  6 Pages What is the American Dream? If you ask anyone they will provide you with all types of answers, from making a successful life for one to wishing and hoping that America changes and grows as a whole. Personally I believe that the American Dream is the idea that was put in my head as a small child by parents and the other adults around. For me, this was the motion that in the beginning it’s as simple as going to school and make A ’s so that I can be accepted into a good college, and then you must workRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?942 Words   |  4 PagesIf asked the question, â€Å" What is the American Dream?†, many people would have a variety of answers. It may depend on many factors including, how one has been raised, their age, socioeconomic factors, and ethnicity. There have been so many changes in our country over the years from the 1900’s until now including wars, racial beliefs and family structures which led to an array of definitions of the American Dream. An American Dream can be different for each person. It can be about many factors as weRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?1094 Words   |  5 PagesMost Americans are unsatisfied with their lives. So many people live their lives discontented with where they are in life. They are discontented with their status in society, the money they make, goals they have yet to achieve, their profession, how they didn’t com plete their schooling, and the list unfortunately goes on. We as Americans have a large advantage in comparison to most societies within the world, we have the freedom to live the American dream. What is the American dream? The DeclarationRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For The American Dream?864 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does it mean to be an American dream? It is a hope of the American people that everyone has a same opportunity to achieve a success through their resolution, originality, and hard-working. Hundreds and hundred years, millions of people all over the world come to America to search and prove the true of an American dream. Unfortunately, in fact, everybody has different opportunities and obstacles to achieve their dream relate to gender, and especially class. Firstly, a gender is an importantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Whats Up With The American Dream 994 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does the american dream mean to you? â€Å"The American dream, to me, means having the opportunity to achieve, because I don t think you should be guaranteed anything other than opportunity† (Leny Wilkens). The Article â€Å"Whats up with the American Dream† is all about how the American Dream is changing. It s transitioning from going to school, working hard, and advancing in your career to being handed a job through the connections you have. The thesis in this article is â€Å"We go to school, studyRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1508 Words   |  7 PagesGatsby†, F. Scott Fitzgerald suggests that the American Dream is illusory and can never be fulfilled. He suggests this concept through Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Daisy Buchanan, Tom Buchanan, and Myrtle Wilson. When these people try to purse this unfulfilling dream, only sadness and failure is left for them to feel. In the 1920’s, everyone was following a never ending train of disappointment and failure know as the American Dream. The American Dream was the belief that through hard work, determinationRead MoreWhat Is John Steinbecks Theme Of The American Dream831 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck describes a world where the American Dream was a wonderful dream to live but very difficult to live because of the challenges. In the 1930s, the Great Depression was occurring and it was horrible. During this time it was very disturbing how many people were living because they could not afford anything. The American dream was honesty not very achievable during this time period. Many people John Steinbeck reveals the reality of the 1930s in his novel. Steinbeck’s purpose in writingRead MoreThe American Dream Is What Most People Hope For. People1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe American dream is what most people hope for. People migrate to the U.S. wanting to have a better life and people w ho live in the U.S hope to have a prosperous life. The Tortilla Curtain by T.C. Boyle shows two different couples trying to achieve the American dream and the things that they face to try and get the dream. Reading this you learn that there are many tribulations that people go through in trying to accomplish the American dream. This book enables the audience to view both perspectivesRead MoreLiving The American Dream : What Do You Think?1889 Words   |  8 PagesWhen you hear about living the American dream, what do you think? Is the American dream the ability to go to school wherever you want and accomplish everything you’ve ever wanted to do with a little hard work and elbow grease? America is moving into a modern technological age, removing jobs from American workers and having a large effect on what American factory work is currently based on. The assembly line is a unique concept that gives each employee a certain category or task that they are required

Look For It in Bonnie Jo Campbells Short Story...

Look For It I have seen short story collections at garage sales, thrift stores, and bookstores. I have never actually picked one up and read the front or the back covers. Short stories never interested me for the simple fact of their being short. With Bonnie Jo Campbell’s writing in her collection American Salvage I can appreciate a story without the full beginning, middle, and end. Readers will be occupied by Campbell’s use of detail and her depressing story lines with hidden love. Campbell writes realistic stories that will grip your bones. As the reader you might forget how short a story may be because of the way Campbell grabs your attention instantly. â€Å"The Yard Man† begins explaining the sightings of a snake. The main character Jerry explains the snake as one of a kind. He attempts touching the snake but the snake and Jerry are disrupted by a shriek from his wife Natalie. She has full view of the snake. Natalie demands Jerry kill the snake instantly. Je rry tries, but fails as the snake slithers across the overgrown grass. Jerry informs shaken up Natalie the snake is nothing he has ever seen before and the possibility of the rareness. She refuses to live where snakes live and is so terribly tired of the house they live in. Natalie likes nothing of the house and is very adamant on making that known to Jerry. She has two children from a previous marriage that Jerry takes in as his own. He is trying to accomplish all the seventeen million things he has to fix on the

Essay about The Approach to the Care of Cancer - 1384 Words

The Approach to Care of Cancer Kia Nordenskiold September 30, 2012 The Approach to Care of Cancer Cancer refers to a group of diseases that involve uncontrolled cell growth (Corner Bailey, 2008). The unregulated cell division and growth leads to the formation of malignant tumors that invade bordering body parts. Cancer may also spread to distant areas of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Determining the causes of cancer is a complex process, however studies have shown that obesity, tobacco use, environmental pollutants, and microwave radiations, increase the risk of the health problems (Corner Bailey, 2008). Early detection of cancer is extremely†¦show more content†¦Studies have shown that cancer and many medical interventions of cancer affect bowels and lead to constipation or diarrhea. Chemotherapy is a likely cause of diarrhea since it affects the intestinal linings. Constipation may take place because of pain and strong anticancer medications. This can also occur due to insufficient intake of fluids and fiber cont ent in daily meals. Fatigue is another complication that cancer patients experience before and during treatment (Jones, 1998). It is among the most distressing complications of cancer and outcome from treatment interventions. The cause of fatigue during medical management includes radiation therapy or chemotherapy treatment. Breathing difficulty is a frequent complication that many lung cancer patients experience due to the cancer itself or cancer related treatments (Lee Wood, 2010). The growth of cancerous cells in lungs may block air passages, which will lead to suffocation. This is a serious complication and physicians have to look for a timely intervention strategy. Side Effects of Treatments Treatment of cancer causes a number of side effects including constipation, vomiting, delirium, insomnia, mouth sores, and fatigue as the frequent sideShow MoreRelatedApproach to Cancer Care1017 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Approach to Care of Cancer To attain an effect approach to care of cancer there need for a holistic approach on the benefits to the patient. In the year 2010, the number of new cases of cancer was estimated to at 1.52 million cases with close to 570,000 of these people expected to die. This marks a 68% improvement compared to the initial survival rate of five years upon diagnosis. Associated costs in cancer treatment are on the rise. In the United States, costs amount to $263.8 billion whereRead MoreApproach to Cancer Care Essay2354 Words   |  10 PagesApproach to Cancer care Nursing 410v Grand Canyon University October 5, 2011 Staging is the process of finding out how much cancer there is in the body and where it is located. It is how the doctor learns the stage of a persons cancer. Doctors use this information to plan treatment and to help predict a persons outlook (prognosis). Cancers with the same stage tend to have similar outlooks and are often treated the same way. The cancer stage is also a way for doctors to describe the extentRead MoreThe Approach To Care Of Cancer. Introduce. According To1799 Words   |  8 PagesThe Approach to Care of Cancer Introduce According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016), in America cancer is the second leading cause of death and one of every four deaths because of it. Cancer can impact on anyone in all ages and even your significant ones. Therefore, facing the issues of cancer is imperative in order to aid people to fight cancer as well as maintain and enhance the quality of life and the ability of social interaction. In order to comprehend the approach to theRead MoreCare And The Cancer Patient1577 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: APPROACH TO CARE AND THE CANCER PATIENT Approach to Care and the Cancer Patient Jennifer Swartz Grand Canyon University NRS 410 October 28, 2012 Approach to Care and the Cancer Patient â€Å"When it comes to cancer care, studies suggest that survival rates improve for patients when they are cared for by a multidisciplinary team† (Approach to Care, 2012, p. 1). This quote from the Wilmot Cancer Center’s article on how to approach care with cancer patients sums up two key piecesRead MoreCancer Pain Management And The Role Of Social Work855 Words   |  4 Pagesthis article â€Å"Cancer pain management and the role of social work: Barriers and interventions,† will increase social workers’ awareness of the pervasiveness of cancer-related pain. (Scott Reeves, 2010) It is vital for a social worker to identify the barriers and develop a plan of intervention that include; communication, assessment, problem solving, and psychological support. The quality of life has become more and more significant in the management of cancer. Patients with cancer are survivingRead MoreIs Cancer A Second Biggest Killer Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Australians?1750 Words   |  7 PagesCancer is the second biggest killer of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (Newman, et al., 2012, p. 434). The mortality rate in Aboriginal communities is more than three times higher than in non-Aboriginal communities. â€Å"One Size Fits All? The discursive framing of cultural difference in the health professional accounts of providing cancer care to Aboriginal People† is the title of a Peer-Reviewed journal article written by authors Newman et al.,. 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Alternatively, curative care is an approach that aims to prolong life through technological advances and medicine. It seems that the best approach to health care, would be to improve the quality of life as well as prolong life, through a combination ofRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancers are classified by several classifications as: - Histopathology - Grades - Stages - Receptor status. Each of these influences the prognosis and can affect treatment response. Description of a breast cancer optimally includes all of these factors: †¢ Histopathology: Breast cancer is usually classified primarily by its histological appearance. 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Independence at Catalonia-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Independence at Catalonia. Answer: Catalonia is a part of the Spain and divided into four provinces such as Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona. It is an autonomous community and the capital city of the state is Barcelona. In recent times, the state is being highlighted in many journals and newspapers due to its independence war with Spain (Muoz and Guinjoan). The revolution begins in the year 1922 and Francesc Marcia was the founder of the movement. Modern independence movement has begun in the year 2006. In that year a referendum had been made in between the Spanish government and Catatonia and the same has been challenged before the apex court as many of the referendum were unconstitutional in nature. It has been presumed that the movement regarding the independence has been initiated from that time (Serrano). A vote has been taken place in the year 2014 regarding the independence of Catalonia and it has been observed that 81% of votes are casted in favour of the independence of Catalonia and therefore the pro-independent president of the state has started to enchant slogan for independence (Crameri). On 1st October 2017, another vote has been casted and the report was more massive from the first one where 91% people have casted their vote for the independence of the state. On 27th October, an independent republic has been established by the resolution of the Parliament of Catalonia and that get support from various parties (Jolly). Before getting into the aftermath effect of the independence movement, it is required to point out the significance of the important movements that had taken major role in the current situation. The seed of the movement derived its origin from the Estat Catala founded by Fraancesc Marcia, who has signed one agreement with Spanish government and introduce the system of autonomy. However, the party was broke away in the year 1940 and formed a new party named National Front of Catalonia (Serrano). The party was supported the language of the state and pronounced their vision for the interest of the independence (Calzada). In 2006, many political parties of the state has raised their voice on behalf of the independence and the war is still going on. However, there are certain reasons lying behind the independence movement of Catalonia and that can be stated in the subsequent paragraphs. The independent character of the movement was provoked by the decision of the apex court of Spain in 2010, where it has been pronounced that many provisions of the referendum passed in 2006 were unconstitutional (Colomer). The political parties are began to protest the fact that Catalonia should get independence from Spain. It has been observed earlier that the provinces of Catalonia casted vote for the interest of the independence and therefore the president of the state Carles Puigdemont had declared the independence of the state unilaterally. The New Yorks Times has opted for the unlikely symbol of the state of Catalonia and points out the police violence in the state (Elias). It should be bored in mind that the state has pronounced its independence unilaterally, though other countries have not supported the independence movement and therefore, Catalonia, if get independence, has to take many steps regarding the development of the state (Guibernau). The first reform should be taken from the economic side as from various journals it has been observed that the yearly Gross Domestic Product of the state is 215 billion Euros but it depends on the Spanish states and therefore, they have to think about the altered way to retain this glory. Besides removal of the Spanish flag, it is also required to develop proper official sign for the state. The main problem is that certain important internal matters like the security system, defence, ports, airports and the railway authorities are imposed on the hands of the Spanish government and the head office of the same is situated in Madrid. Therefore, a thorough change or alteration is required in this case (Lepi?). The government of Catalonia should take necessary steps in this case. The spending catalogue of Catalonia is in the hand of Spain and Spain is enjoying the full-fledged power over the same. Besides this, all the necessary steps should be taken into consideration regarding the police force of the state and the taxation system should be regarded as the cause of disagreement regarding the interest of the state. The second concern regarding the independence of the Catalonia evolved with the dealing of international trade. It has been stated that most of the power regarding the trade has been imposed on the hands of the Spanish government and the transportation system is based on the modem like road, air, port and railway (Chamon and Van der Loo). However, it can be observed that these matters are exclusively under the control of Spain and the head office of the same are situated in Madrid. Therefore, if the government of Catalonia wants to improve the base of international trade, it will have to take necessary steps regarding the reformation of the transportation system. By international trade, it is being observed that a market where the goods of one country is being exchanged with the goods of another country. The share of the gross domestic products is held as important criteria in this case (Muro and Vlaskamp). In case of develop the base regarding the international trade, it is important to analyse the advantages of the same so that it could be better for the economic interest of the country. Through international trade, the category commodities can be determined and therefore, it will facilitate the condition of the country and provoke the state to export those goods. It has been reported by the CNBC that the most expected immediate effect of the independence is loss of jobs, deterioration of the wealth power and therefore, the state of Catalonia should have to expand its policies regarding the international trade and commerce (Fassbender). Certain policies are to be adopted to affects the flow of goods and export the subsidies through international trade. At first, it is required to point out the trade barriers and then set out the plans for the removal of the barriers and facilitate the ways of international trade. It has been stated by Gandolfo on International Trade and Economic Growt h that suitable economic policies are to be adopted regarding the promotion of the trade barriers. It has also been mentioned by Peter Lavelle that the economic barriers are needed to be planned and it should be support the process of economic sufficiency. It is therefore important to point out the effective policies over the situation. Catalonia should implement necessary policies regarding the taxation system, has to impose taxes on the export, and imported goods. Restrictions should be imposed on the exchange of drugs and other addicted goods and staffs. Subsidized loans are being generated to maintain a flow regarding the international trade so that the economy of the country could get benefit. The coming years will be one of the most important and critical to the politics of Europe. The political developments of UK, Spain and Belgium will face turmoil in the coming years. The researcher this report have highlighted the case of Spain, which has seen a long range of political battles on the grant of independence to Catalonia (Tortella). The major hiccup that exists on the independence of Catalonia is the silence of the European Union Treaties on the possibility of transforming to individual member states from just autonomous states. The treaties are designed in such a way that they do not adhere to the policies of the new states. However this is not the only concern as because the president of the European council of states and the European Commission has strictly mentioned that Catalonia would be losing their European Union status upon independence. The commission has stated that to regain the membership status the newly independent country have to re apply for membership u nder Article 49 TEU. The proponents of the Catalonian independence do not go with the view and they believe that such a thing is very unconstitutional and is a strong attempt to disrupt or crush their fight for independence (Serrano). The biggest argument in such a favour is that if a region under the jurisdiction of the European Union acquires independence on the basis of constitutional and democratic process in line with the core values of the union are mentioned in Article 2 the country have the right to become one of the member states of Europe. Spain is however suffering economically because of the Catalonia crisis (Fassbender). The government of Catalonia has agreed that it would play a major role in the redistribution of wealth across the region. The government of Catalonia will obviously need to sponsor a large scale investment in creating new structures that will help it to easily6 adapt to the change in the political surroundings after the independence of the country. It i s important to establish new Central banks and other monetary institutions that will help in the creation of the new state easily. Another problem that exists is the debt of the government. The newly formed Spanish state and the Catalonian government has to negotiate a deal to allocate the joint assets and the liabilities of the government. The Catalan Government has to seek funding from the financial markets. The following possibility can only happen once the state becomes independent and have an own tax system that is able to set its own policies for raising taxes (Oskam). The newly formed state of Catalonia can have an alternative entry to the European Union trading space by entering into an agreement with EFTA which is a substitute of European Union. The articles 56-60 of the EFTA constitution explains that in order to become a member of the following group the particular region must shed off its autonomous status and become an independent state. Thus the road is clear for Catalonia to easily become an EFTA member to make sure that it does not face any constraints from doing free trade with other member countries or with countries of other continents (Bel). The agreement can be established in two ways. The first one being Catalonia and the European Union can decide on a unilateral way to not impose tax duties on the goods that are manufactured in the respected territories. On the other hand both of them can sign a bilateral agreement to guarantee the free trade and services and can also define a common corporation framework. Another way to establish trade is signing up free trade agreements with other custom unions or with the third states. As mentioned earlier the country can face serious hurdles on signing up a trade agreement with the European Union and thus the Catalonian Government can themselves sign up new trade agreements with the interested countries to make sure that they have a proper trade going on round the year (Guibernau). Some of the other problems that would be faced by Catalonia is the establishment of borders which would usher in corruption in trade and would lead the suppliers and the people to malpractices. The state will also have to establish its own standards of trading regulators and must start healthy discussions with Spain on setting up its own trade agreements. The other disadvantage, which is perhaps the biggest, is that Catalonia is not a member of the World Trade Organization. Not being the member of such a global trade platform puts the country in a jeopardized situation once it is independent (Elias). The people residing in Catalonia would also face difficulties on issues related to visa or foreign travel as because the citizens will lose the status of being a European citizen and thus will be treated as a foreign national even in visiting Spain (Luis Garca). Catalonia also must adapt a new currency so that it does not face any problems on being ousted from European Union and be rejected to allow Euro as its national currency. The European Union does not recognize peseta as currency anymore and thus Catalonia has to develop a new currency in lines with the European treaties or EFTA. The adoption of new currency will surely pose a huge challenge to the new state as because for such a development the Government of Catalonia must immediately held talks with Both Spain and European Union and standardize a currency for use in the country. After all this it will be their task to set up a currency producing unit that can meet the currency demands of the new state. Either the country has to take Euro as their currency or some other recognized currencies to start with. Being one of the most smallest states and surrounded on all sides by the largest economies of the world will mount more tensions on the country as because the goods imported in the country will see an automatic rise in price and thus will make the living cost much higher as compared to other European nations. The Catalan Government has to take some strict measures to control such a situation where the country can impose strict capital controls where the capital cannot be transferred outside the country (Crameri). The country has to take into account all such different possibilities to make it easier for the country towards a smooth and easy independence. The decision regarding the currency has to be taken by the advisory council of the Catalan Government. Catalonia is working in tandem with fine tech experts of Estonia to create a new digital currency that will help them to attain independence from Spain. Some of the hardliner separatists are said to be working on a new block chain currency similar to the plan B initiative that was used during the financial crisis of Greece. The cryptographers of Barcelona have been taking advice from experts to create the cur rency in such a way that it becomes the most advanced in todays world. The country also has aims to create the currency that is free of control from both Spain and the central bank of European Central Bank. Catalonia is one of the most economically viable states of Europe as it has an annual GDP of $196billion much bigger than many of the European countries (Balcells). The above analysis thus clearly determines the different problems that exist on the split up of Catalonia from the state of Spain. The government of Catalonia has elaborate plans to make sure that they does not face any problem regarding the creation of the state and thus has plans to tackle such problems. The creation of the economic infrastructure and the creation of a new currency is certainly one of the positive steps towards such an achievement. The globe is waiting eagerly to witness such a mega event and whether the newly formed state achieves success in the modern world or not. References: Bel, Germ.Disdain, Distrust and Dissolution: The Surge of Support for Independence in Catalonia. Sussex Academic Press, 2015. Calzada, Igor. "The Right to Decide in Democracy between Recentralisation and Independence: Scotland, Catalonia and the Basque Country."Regions Magazine296.1 (2014): 7-8. Chamon, Merijn, and Guillaume Van der Loo. "Scotland and Catalonia would face very real challenges in making a seamless transition to EU membership after independence."LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog(2014). Colomer, Josep M. "The venturous bid for the independence of Catalonia."Nationalities Papers(2017): 1-18. Crameri, Kathryn. "Political power and civil counterpower: The complex dynamics of the Catalan independence movement."Nationalism and Ethnic Politics21.1 (2015): 104-120. Crameri, Kathryn.Goodbye, Spain? The question of independence for Catalonia. Sussex Academic Press, 2014. Elias, Anwen. "Catalan independence and the challenge of credibility: The causes and consequences of Catalan nationalist parties strategic behavior."Nationalism and Ethnic Politics21.1 (2015): 83-103. Fassbender, Bardo. "The Place of an Independent Catalonia in the European Union."3rd International Conference Sobirania i Justcia, Barcelona, October 4th https://www. sij. cat/fitxers/Bardo_Fassbender. pdf. 2013. Guibernau, Montserrat. "Prospects for an independent Catalonia."International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society27.1 (2014): 5-23. i Gonzlez, Albert Balcells. "Working women in the factories and home workshops of Catalonia in the 19th and first third of the 20th centuries."Catalan Historical Review(2015): 71-82. Jolly, Seth. "Voting for Nation or State: Determinants of Independence Support in Scotland Catalonia."Browser Download This Paper(2014). Lepi?, Martin. "Limits to territorial nationalization in election support for an independence-aimed regional nationalism in Catalonia."Political Geography60 (2017): 190-202. Muoz, Jordi, and Marc Guinjoan. "Accounting for internal variation in nationalist mobilization: unofficial referendums for independence in Catalonia (200911)."Nations and Nationalism19.1 (2013): 44-67. Muoz, Jordi, and Marc Guinjoan. "Accounting for internal variation in nationalist mobilization: unofficial referendums for independence in Catalonia (200911)."Nations and Nationalism19.1 (2013): 44-67. Muro, Diego, and Martijn Vlaskamp. "The Spanish government must find a positive message for Catalonia if it is to reduce support for Catalan independence."LSE European Politics and Policy (EUROPP) Blog(2014). Oskam, Jeroen. "A new state in Europe? Scenarios for Catalan self-determination."Futures64 (2014): 51-60. Serrano, Ivan. "Just a matter of identity? Support for independence in Catalonia."Regional Federal Studies23.5 (2013): 523-545. Serrano, Ivan. "Just a matter of identity? Support for independence in Catalonia."Regional Federal Studies23.5 (2013): 523-545. Tortella, Gabriel, and Jos Luis Garca Ruiz. "The Peseta and the Bank of Spain."Spanish

Diffusion Lab free essay sample

In this experiment, you will Use a Conductivity Probe to measure the ionic concentration of various solutions. Study the effect of concentration gradients on the rate of diffusion. Determine if the diffusion rate for a molecule is affected by the presence of a second molecule. BACKGROUND Diffusion is a process that allows ions or molecules to move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated. This process accounts for the movement of many small molecules across a cell membrane. Diffusion allows cells to acquire food and exchange waste products. Oxygen, for instance, might diffuse in pond water for use by fish and other aquatic animals. When animals use oxygen, more oxygen will diffuse to replace it from the neighboring environment. Waste products released by aquatic animals are diluted by diffusion and dispersed throughout the pond. Questions: It is important to consider how the rate of diffusion of particles may be affected or altered. Diffusion may be affected by how steep the concentration gradient is. The direction that a diffusing molecule or ion might travel is random. While the particles are diffusing, is there a net movement from where they are concentrated to where they are less concentrated? Yes particles diffuse from higher concentration to lower concentration Diffusion may be affected by other different, neighboring particles. For instance, if oxygen diffuses towards a single-celled pond organism at a certain rate, will that rate be altered by the presence of another type of molecule? Would the presence of other molecules block or enhance the diffusion of a molecule? Would the molecule’s rate be independent of particles that do not alter the concentration gradient? Yes the diffusion would be effected because the particles could block the diffusion of the oxygen. The rate isn’t independent of the other molecules because the presence of other molecules may slow the rate of diffusion. One way to measure the rate of diffusion of ions is to monitor their concentration in solution over a period of time. Since ions are electrically charged, water solutions containing ions will conduct electricity. A Conductivity Probe measures the concentration of ions in a solution, but not the concentration of electrically neutral molecules. Salts, such as sodium chloride, produce ions when they dissolve in water. If you place a salt solution inside a selectively permeable membrane such as dialysis tubing, the salt ions can diffuse out of the tubing and into the surrounding water. MATERIALS LabQuest LabQuest App Vernier Conductivity Probe three 18 ? 150 mm test tubes with rack 1%, 5%, and 10% salt water 400 mL beaker ring stand and utility clamp dialysis tubing, 2. 5 cm ? 12 cm scissors dropper pipet or Beral pipet stirring rod dental floss or clamp ABSTRACT In this experiment we tested the effect of salt concentration on the rate of diffusion. We made a model cell using dialysis tubing containing different salt solutions; 1%, 5%, and 10%. Each tube was tied off and placed in a container (not at the same time) with distilled water, and with a LabQuest, the rate of diffusion was measured. We predicted the higher the percentage of salt, the faster the â€Å"cell† would diffuse; and we found our predictions to be correct. The data showed that the 10% solution diffused the fastest then the 5% then the 1%. PROCEDURE 1. Set up the utility clamp, and ring stand as shown in Figure 1. 2. Set the selector switch on the side of the Conductivity Probe to the 0–2000  µS/cm range. Connect the Conductivity Probe to LabQuest and choose New from the File menu. If you have an older sensor that does not auto-ID, manually set up the sensor. 3. On the Meter screen, tap Rate. Change the data-collection rate to 0. 2 samples/second and the data-collection length to 60 seconds. 4. Test whether different concentration gradients affect the rate of diffusion. To do this, three solutions of differing salt concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) will be placed in distilled water. Each salt solution will be placed in a dialysis tube and allowed to diffuse into the surrounding water. When salt diffuses, the conductivity of the water in the beaker will increase. 5. In Table 1, predict what you believe will happen in this set of experiments. How will the rate of diffusion change when a 10% salt solution is placed in contact with pure water compared to when a 1% salt solution is placed in contact with pure water? 6. Prepare the dialysis tubing. Obtain a wet dialysis tube and a dialysis tube clamp or a short length of dental floss. Using the clamp or floss, tie one end of the tube closed about 1 cm from the end, as in Figure 2. 7. Place a 1% salt solution into a section of dialysis tubing. To do this, a. Obtain about 15 mL of a 1% salt water solution in a test tube. b. Using a funnel or Beral pipet, transfer about 10 mL of the 1% salt water into the dialysis tube, as in Figure 2. Note: To open the tube, you may need to rub the tubing between your fingers. c. Tie off the top of the dialysis tube with a clamp or a new length of dental floss. Try not to allow any air into the dialysis tube. The tube should be very firm after it is tied or clamped. Trim off any excess dental floss extending more than 1 cm from either knot. d. Wash the outside of the tubing with tap water thoroughly, so that there is no salt water adhering to the tubing. 8. Place 300 mL of distilled water into a 400 mL beaker. Secure the Conductivity Probe with the utility clamp in the water filled beaker as shown in Figure 1. 9. Place the dialysis tube into the water. Be sure the tubing is submerged completely under the water. Important: Position the Conductivity Probe and dialysis tubing the same distance apart in each  trial. 10. After stirring the solution for 15 seconds, start data collection. Stir the solution slowly and continuously throughout the one-minute data collection period. 11. Data collection will stop after 60 seconds. Analyze the graph to determine the rate of diffusion for the curve of conductivity vs. time: a. Examine the graph and identify the most linear region. b. Tap and drag you r stylus across the most linear region to select these data points. c. Choose Curve Fit from the Analyze menu. Select Linear as the Fit Equation. d. Record the slope, m, as the rate of diffusion in ( µS/cm/s) in Table 2. Select OK. 12. Remove one of the clamps. If the dialysis tubing is tied off with floss, use a pair of scissors and carefully cut one of the dental floss knots and discard the floss. If you accidentally make a cut in the tubing, replace it. 13. Empty all of the liquid out of the dialysis tube. Squeeze the excess liquid out with your fingers. 14. Rinse the Conductivity Probe with distilled water. 15. Store the data from the first run by tapping the File Cabinet icon. 16. Obtain 15 mL of a 5% salt solution in a test tube. Repeat Steps 7–15, substituting this 5% salt solution for the 1% solution. 17. Obtain 15 mL of a 10% salt solution in a test tube. Repeat Steps 7–15, substituting this 10% salt solution for the 1% solution. DATA/RESULTS Table 1 Prediction Conclusion The 10% solution will diffuse the fastest because there is less water in the solution than the other solutions, and the 1% solution will diffuse the slowest. The higher the percentage of the solution the faster it diffused. Therefore our prediction was right, the 10% diffused the fastest and the 1% the slowest. Table 2: Summary of Data Salt concentration (%) Rate of Diffusion ( µS/cm/s) 1 1. 6624 5 3. 4205 10 5. 4700  CONCLUSION 1. From Table 2, I can conclude that as the salt concentration increases the rate of diffusion increases. 2. My conclusion was the same as my prediction, so my prediction was correct. 3. The rate of diffusion for the 10% solution was (3. 29/1) about 3. 29 the rate of the 1% salt solution. The rate of diffusion for the 5% solution was (2. 05/1) about 2. 05 the rate of the 1% sa lt solution. 4. The rate of diffusion of a 3% salt solution, according to our graph, would be about 2. 5 µS/cm/s 5. Temperature, size of particles, charge of molecules are other variables that could be tested.

Poem Analysis The Little Boy Lost vs. The Little Girl Lost Essay Example

Poem Analysis: The Little Boy Lost vs. The Little Girl Lost Paper A belief of envisioning a future to seek your creator is a task many people, young or old, continue to accomplish today. William Blake’s two poems from Songs of Experience: â€Å"The Little Boy   Lost† and â€Å"The Little Girl Lost† recognizes two children of different genders living through a time of need. The narrator in these two poems lecture through an era of mixed emotions and opinions the little boy and girl witnessed. The setting of â€Å"The Little Boy Lost† takes place in a location with a community of people, and â€Å"The Little Girl Lost† is portrayed in the wilderness alone. In addition, his poems feature a child as the inquiring human spirit. The two children in Blake’s poems reveal similar beliefs involving their creator; however, the children are looked upon differently from their surrounding environment and they are each in a setting where their actions determine their passing of life. In both poems Blake expresses each narrator viewing a similar imagination of their inner-soul, which in the end leads to their passing of life. Each poem opens with symbolizing their communication toward their creator. The narrator of the little boy believes in titling his inventor as â€Å"Father† (line 5) and for Lyca (the little girl); â€Å"her maker† (6). First, the boy questionably asks his Father how he could love something â€Å"greater than itself† (4). Believing to recognize that love is at first selfish, that no one seems capable of loving another more than himself. In a different opinion Lyca initiates to â€Å"arise and seek† (5) for her maker. Showing, without question, she trusts every moment of her life in her creators plans. The narrator interprets Lyca wandering into the wild as it becomes a â€Å"garden† (8). Illustrating positive hints are taking place in her belief. The boy continues to vent that he can only love his Father like a bird that â€Å"picks up crumbs around the door† (8). We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Analysis: The Little Boy Lost vs. The Little Girl Lost specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Analysis: The Little Boy Lost vs. The Little Girl Lost specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Analysis: The Little Boy Lost vs. The Little Girl Lost specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Giving an understanding of the boys knowledge for the meaning of love. He is overheard by a â€Å"Priest† (9) in his community who judges his innocent suspicion in a negative way. The Priest stands him on an altar in front of their community and bounds him with iron chains as the Priest explains to their people the boy is a â€Å"fiend† (14); a dastardly person or evil spirit. Therefore, Lyca settles down harmlessly underneath a tree, falling asleep, as her â€Å"frowning† (29) night appeared. The actions observed between the boy and Lyca is followed with an unfairly ending from the judgements of their ambience. The stainless boy is punished from the opinion of the Priest, telling their community he is not to judge their most holy â€Å"Mystery† (16). His people chained him to the altar and burned him away as his â€Å"weeping parents wept in vain† (18). In this event Blake implies a horrific scene of an innocent and knowledgeable boy for testing his belief. However, as Lyca has fallen asleep she mentally explores into a positive paradise. Surrounded by the â€Å"beasts of prey† (34), a lion and lioness examine her to be some form of goddess or purity. Without harm, the lion (symbolizing her maker) disrobes Lyca and takes her back to their cave to sleep. This also symbolizes her creator removing her soul from her material body peacefully in death. Futhermore, Blake indicates a different setting behind each child that aids them to their passing of life. The boy seems to be in a small town where everyone was raised with the same impression of their holy Father. The boy who was caught questioning his Father was punished for reasoning he did not understand. The community â€Å"burn’d him in a holy place, / Where many had been burn’d before† (21-22). This resembles the Priest trying to save him from the wrong acceptance and was helping the boy by burning him in a holy place, which the community believed was the right thing to do. Lyca is surrounded by the â€Å"desart wild† (7) by herself with no one near to harm her. Faithful Lyca lays asleep against a peaceful tree in the wilderness with the lion; a king, trampling upon her without being alarmed to bring her back to his â€Å"cave† (52) where she rest in peace. The two poems have shown many meanings and imagination on trusting your beliefs. Reading and analyzing over these poems have made me think more about my understandings and the trust I respect myself to feel toward my creator. Blake mentions these two poems with children of different gender and having strong assumptions on their interactions with their creator. Furthermore, nourishes the idea of the children being judged by their surroundings and making the setting very important from the reader to the character in the poem. In my belief these two poems have taught me more about faith and the actions that could happen at any point in time.